The Tokugawa era, also known as the Edo period, lasted from 1603, starting with the end of the Warring States period, to 1867, ending with the Meiji Restoration.
During this period, Japan was peaceful, as the island had been unified by the Tokugawa shogunate, who ensured the cooperation of the island's daimyos.
Due to this peace, Japan was able to grow in quite a few ways. The economy grew, infrastructure was developed, as well as art and culture. Without the constant wars of the Warring States period, society thrived.
The Tokugawa era ended as the United States forced Japan to reopen the country. The shogunate government quickly lost power, ending both the period and the time of the samurai.